Thomas v. Sullivan
Gertrude Thomas challenged the Social Security Administration's termination of her widow's benefits. After living with Joseph Thomas for 47 years in a common law marriage and receiving benefits, she was denied them following his death because his prior, undissolved ceremonial marriage to Janie Thomas was deemed valid. Gertrude argued that 42 U.S.C. § 416(h)(1)(B) violated equal protection by granting benefits to those in invalid ceremonial marriages but not invalid common law marriages. The District Court upheld the denial, finding a rational basis for the distinction in preventing fraud and easing administration, and dismissed the complaint.