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Case No. 2023 NY Slip Op 00945 [213 AD3d 548]
Regular Panel Decision
Feb 21, 2023

Matter of Clarke v. Board of Educ. of the City Sch.

The Appellate Division, First Department, affirmed the Supreme Court's dismissal of petitions challenging the New York City Department of Education's (DOE) COVID-19 vaccine mandate. Petitioners, employees placed on leave without pay for non-compliance, had sought to annul the DOE's determinations and vacate an arbitration award. The court found that the vaccine mandate was a valid qualification of employment, unrelated to job performance or misconduct, and therefore did not constitute disciplinary action. Furthermore, it ruled that the arbitrator's authority stemmed from the Civil Service Law, not the collective bargaining agreement or Education Law, and petitioners lacked standing to challenge the arbitration award. The court also determined that petitioners' due process rights were not violated, as they were offered opportunities for exemptions and accommodations.

COVID-19 vaccine mandateleave without payCPLR Article 75CPLR Article 78arbitration awardpublic policy violationdue process rightsemployment qualificationteacher disciplineCivil Service Law
References
16
Case No. MISSING
Regular Panel Decision

In Re the Arbitration Between Board of Education of Watertown City School District & Watertown Education Ass'n

This case consolidates two appeals, 'The Watertown Dispute' and 'The Indian River Dispute,' concerning public sector arbitration under New York's Taylor Law. Both cases involve education associations and school districts in disputes over changes to health insurance benefits, specifically increased employee copayments. The associations filed grievances, which the districts denied, leading to demands for arbitration. Lower courts granted stays of arbitration, applying the 'Liverpool two-step' protocol and finding the disputes non-arbitrable. The Court of Appeals reverses these decisions, clarifying that the 'Liverpool' protocol should be applied without an anti-arbitrational presumption. The Court emphasizes that the merits of a grievance are for the arbitrator, and a court's role is merely to determine if there's a reasonable relationship between the dispute's subject matter and the collective bargaining agreement. Finding that health insurance benefits are clearly related to the CBAs, the Court compels arbitration in both cases.

Public Sector ArbitrationTaylor LawCollective Bargaining AgreementGrievance ArbitrabilityHealth Insurance BenefitsCopayment IncreasesLiverpool Two-Step ProtocolJudicial Review of ArbitrationPresumption of ArbitrabilityCourt of Appeals (NY)
References
32
Case No. MISSING
Regular Panel Decision

Lederman v. Board of Education

The case involves plaintiffs moving to punish the Board of Education and Superintendent William Jansen for contempt of court, alleging violation of a 1949 judgment by Mr. Justice Hearit. The previous judgment declared parts of the Feinberg Law (Civil Service Law § 12a, Education Law § 3022, and Board of Regents' Rules § 254) null and unconstitutional, enjoining the Board from enforcing them. Dr. Jansen later questioned a teacher about Communist party membership, claiming authority under Education Law § 2523, not the Feinberg Law. The court, presided over by Justice Beldook, found no subterfuge and concluded that the inquiry was instituted independently of the invalidated Feinberg Law. The court determined that adjudicating the legality of the inquiry under Education Law § 2523 was beyond the scope of this contempt motion and found that the plaintiffs failed to prove a violation of the December 16, 1949 judgment. The motion for contempt was denied.

Contempt of CourtFeinberg LawTeacher Loyalty OathsCommunist Party AffiliationDue ProcessFirst Amendment RightsGovernment EmploymentInvestigatory PowersPublic School TeachersStatutory Construction
References
5
Case No. MISSING
Regular Panel Decision
Apr 07, 2014

B.K. v. New York City Department of Education

G.K., a child diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder, faced educational challenges for the 2011-2012 school year. His parents, B.K. and Y.K., initiated legal action against the New York City Department of Education, alleging that the Department failed to provide G.K. with a free and appropriate public education (FAPE) as mandated by the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEIA). The parents sought tuition reimbursement for G.K.'s private special education program and direct funding for home-based therapy, appealing an administrative decision that had previously denied their claims. The Department subsequently filed a cross-motion for summary judgment. The District Court, after conducting an independent review of the administrative record and giving due weight to the state administrative proceedings, denied the plaintiffs' motion for summary judgment and granted the Department's cross-motion, concluding that the May 2011 Individualized Education Program (IEP) proposed by the Department was procedurally and substantively adequate.

Individualized Education ProgramFree Appropriate Public EducationIndividuals with Disabilities Education ActAutism Spectrum DisorderSpecial EducationTuition ReimbursementDue Process HearingBehavioral Intervention PlanFunctional Behavioral AssessmentParental Participation
References
46
Case No. MISSING
Regular Panel Decision

J.B. v. New York City Department of Education

Plaintiff J.B., on behalf of her child K.B., sued the New York City Department of Education (DOE) under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEA) for failing to provide a Free Appropriate Public Education (FAPE) for the 2014-2015 school year. The Parent sought tuition reimbursement for K.B.'s private school placement at the Rebecca School. Both an Impartial Hearing Officer (IHO) and a State Review Officer (SRO) ruled against the Parent, affirming the adequacy of DOE's FAPE offer. The U.S. District Court, after reviewing the procedural and substantive adequacy of K.B.'s Individualized Education Program (IEP), denied the Parent's motion for summary judgment and granted the DOE's cross-motion. The Court concluded that the DOE's recommended IEP was reasonably calculated to provide K.B. with a FAPE.

IDEAFAPEIEPSpecial EducationDisability LawAutism Spectrum DisorderTuition ReimbursementSummary JudgmentDue Process ComplaintLeast Restrictive Environment
References
29
Case No. MISSING
Regular Panel Decision

B.P. v. New York City Department of Education

This case involves B.P. and A.P., parents of D.P., seeking relief against the New York City Department of Education under the Individuals with Disabilities Act (IDEA). The Plaintiffs alleged that the Defendant failed to provide D.P. with a free appropriate public education (FAPE) for the 2009-2010 school year, arguing that the proposed Individualized Education Program (IEP) was inappropriate and seeking tuition reimbursement for D.P.'s private schooling. The Court reviewed the decisions of the Impartial Hearing Officer and State Review Officer, both of whom had denied tuition reimbursement. Ultimately, the District Court found that the education offered by the Defendant was appropriate under the IDEA, denying the Plaintiffs' motion for summary judgment and granting the Defendant's cross-motion for summary judgment.

Individuals with Disabilities ActFree Appropriate Public EducationIndividualized Education ProgramTuition ReimbursementSummary Judgment MotionSpecial EducationLearning DisabilitiesAttention Deficit Hyperactivity DisorderAdministrative ReviewParents' Rights
References
14
Case No. MISSING
Regular Panel Decision

P.G. v. New York City Department of Education

Plaintiffs P.G. and D.G., on behalf of their minor child J.G., sued the New York City Department of Education (DOE) under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEIA). They sought reimbursement for J.G.'s enrollment at Eagle Hill School for the 2010-2011 academic year, alleging the DOE failed to provide a Free Appropriate Public Education (FAPE). The court reviewed an administrative decision by a State Review Officer (SRO) from April 6, 2012, which found DOE's individualized education program (IEP) for J.G. adequate and reversed a prior Impartial Hearing Officer's (IHO) decision. The court denied the parents' motion in part and granted the DOE's motion in part, affirming the SRO's findings on the IEP's procedural and substantive soundness. However, the court remanded the issue of the appropriateness of a 12:1:1 classroom placement to the SRO for further consideration.

Individuals with Disabilities Education ActFree Appropriate Public EducationIndividualized Education ProgramSpecial EducationTuition ReimbursementAdministrative ReviewState Review OfficerImpartial Hearing OfficerProcedural AdequacySubstantive Adequacy
References
30
Case No. 07 Civ. 2265
Regular Panel Decision
Oct 21, 2008

MM Ex Rel. AM v. NY. CITY DEPT. OF EDUC. REG.

This case involves M.M. and H.M., parents of A.M., an autistic child, appealing administrative decisions regarding A.M.'s Individualized Education Plan (IEP) for the 2005-2006 school year under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). The plaintiffs sought a modified de novo review, alleging procedural and substantive violations by the New York City Department of Education (DOE). The court denied the plaintiffs' motion and granted the DOE's cross-motion for summary judgment, upholding the administrative findings that the DOE offered a Free Appropriate Public Education (FAPE). Additionally, the court concluded that A.M. was not entitled to reimbursement for private school placement or continued early intervention services during the pendency of the dispute.

Individuals with Disabilities Education ActFree Appropriate Public EducationIndividualized Education PlanEarly Intervention ServicesState Review OfficerImpartial Hearing OfficerAutism Spectrum DisorderSpecial EducationPendency ProvisionTuition Reimbursement
References
28
Case No. MISSING
Regular Panel Decision
Apr 20, 2015

S.B. ex rel. S.B. v. New York City Department of Education

The case involves plaintiffs S.B. (parent) and E.G. challenging an administrative decision regarding E.G.'s Individualized Education Plan (IEP). The plaintiffs sought tuition reimbursement for E.G.'s unilateral placement in a private school after alleging the New York City Department of Education (DOE) failed to provide a free appropriate public education (FAPE) under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). The district court reviewed the Impartial Hearing Officer's (IHO) and State Review Officer's (SRO) conflicting decisions. The court granted plaintiffs' summary judgment motion on the IDEA claim, finding procedural and substantive IEP violations and that the proposed public school placement was inappropriate. However, the court denied plaintiffs' claims under the Rehabilitation Act, ADA, and 42 U.S.C. § 1983, as no bad faith or gross misjudgment was demonstrated. The defendants' cross-motion was accordingly denied for the IDEA claim and granted for the other claims.

IDEAFAPEIEPTuition ReimbursementSpecial EducationDue Process HearingAdministrative ReviewSummary JudgmentRehabilitation ActADA
References
42
Case No. 2023 NY Slip Op 00957 [213 AD3d 560]
Regular Panel Decision
Feb 21, 2023

Matter of O'Reilly v. Board of Educ. of the City Sch. Dist. of the City of N.Y.

This case involves an appeal by tenured public school teachers, Christine O'Reilly, Lucia Jennifer Lanzer, Ingrid Romero, and Elizabeth Loiacono, against the Board of Education of the City School District of the City of New York. They challenged an arbitration award, known as the Impact Award, which established procedures for religious and medical exemptions to the COVID-19 vaccine mandate, negotiated by their union, the United Federation of Teachers (UFT), and the Department of Education (DOE). The petitioners were placed on leave without pay for failing to comply with the vaccine mandate. The court affirmed the dismissal of their CPLR articles 75 and 78 petitions. It found that the teachers lacked standing to challenge the arbitration award and failed to join UFT as a necessary party. Additionally, the court ruled that placement on leave for non-compliance with a condition of employment, such as vaccination, is not a disciplinary action, making Education Law §§ 3020 and 3020-a inapplicable. The court also concluded that petitioners' due process rights were not violated, given the opportunities provided for compliance or exemptions. A dissenting opinion argued that a new, nonstatutory condition of employment cannot be imposed on tenured teachers without legislative action, and they are entitled to due process under Education Law § 3020-a before being placed on unpaid leave or dismissed.

Tenured TeachersCOVID-19 Vaccine MandateArbitration AwardLeave Without PayDue Process RightsEmployment ConditionsCollective BargainingUnion RepresentationAppellate ReviewPublic Education Employees
References
25
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