Jesus Ferreira v. City of Binghamton
Plaintiff Jesus Ferreira was shot by a police officer during the execution of a no-knock search warrant. The federal court found no special duty owed by the City of Binghamton and granted summary judgment to the City. The Second Circuit certified a question to the New York Court of Appeals regarding whether the 'special duty' requirement applies to municipal negligence claims where the injury is directly inflicted by municipal negligence. The Court of Appeals affirmed that a special duty is required for negligence claims against a municipality acting in a governmental capacity and clarified that such a duty can arise in the context of police planning and executing a no-knock search warrant, running to individuals within the targeted premises.