Cuartas v. Kourkoumelis
The plaintiff was injured at a construction site on property owned by defendant Tomis Kourkoumelis when a manhole cover fell on his foot. The plaintiff and a co-worker were attempting to open the manhole cover with a crowbar. The plaintiff alleged Kourkoumelis directed him to clean debris from the retention tank. The Supreme Court denied Kourkoumelis's cross-motion for summary judgment regarding Labor Law § 200 and common-law negligence, finding issues of fact about his supervision and control. The appellate court reversed the decision, stating there was no evidence of a dangerous condition with the manhole cover and Kourkoumelis's instruction did not demonstrate direction or control over the plaintiff's work. The court emphasized that landowner liability requires exercising supervision and control over the work or actual/constructive notice of a dangerous condition, or directing the manner of work, not just general supervisory authority. Consequently, the cross-motion was granted, and the complaint was dismissed against Tomis Kourkoumelis.