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Access over workers' compensation decisions, including En Banc, Significant Panel Decisions, and writ-denied cases.

Case No. MISSING
Regular Panel Decision

Central Counties Center for Mental Health & Mental Retardation Services v. Rodriguez

This case consolidates two interlocutory appeals from district court orders denying pleas to the jurisdiction by Central Counties Center for Mental Health & Mental Retardation Services (the "Center") and Austin State Hospital (the "Hospital"). Karen Rodriguez sued the Center for personal injuries, including sexual exploitation by an employee. Debbie Fiske and Raymond Rodriguez sued the Hospital for damages related to their son's suicide while a patient. The core legal question is whether the Texas Health and Safety Code clearly and unambiguously waives sovereign immunity for mental health facilities. The court concludes that Code section 321.003 clearly waives both immunity from liability and immunity from suit for mental health facilities, including the Center and the Hospital. Therefore, the court affirms the district courts' orders denying the appellants' pleas to the jurisdiction.

Sovereign ImmunityWaiver of ImmunityMental Health FacilitiesHealth and Safety CodePatient's Bill of RightsInterlocutory AppealPlea to JurisdictionStatutory ConstructionGovernmental ImmunityPersonal Injury
References
19
Case No. 03-00-00369-CV, 03-00-00640-CV
Regular Panel Decision
Mar 29, 2001

Central Counties Center for Mental Health & Mental Retardation Services v. Karen Rodriguez

This case consolidates two interlocutory appeals concerning sovereign immunity waivers for mental health facilities. Central Counties Center for Mental Health & Mental Retardation Services and Austin State Hospital appealed the denial of their pleas to the jurisdiction. Karen Rodriguez sued the Center for personal injuries and sexual exploitation by an employee. Debbie Fiske and Raymond Rodriguez sued the Hospital for damages and on behalf of their son, Christopher Roy Rodriguez, who committed suicide while a patient. The appeals court reviewed the issue de novo, determining whether the Texas Health and Safety Code clearly and unambiguously waives sovereign immunity. The court concluded that sections 321.003(a) and (b) of the Code explicitly waive both immunity from liability and immunity from suit for mental health facilities that violate patient rights. The court affirmed the district courts' orders denying the pleas to the jurisdiction.

Sovereign ImmunityWaiver of ImmunityMental Health FacilitiesPatient's Bill of RightsTexas Health and Safety CodeStatutory ConstructionInterlocutory AppealPlea to JurisdictionPersonal InjurySexual Exploitation
References
19
Case No. 3-90-002-CV
Regular Panel Decision
Aug 28, 1991

Texas Department of Mental Health and Mental Retardation v. Opal Petty, by Herself and Through Her Next Friends, and Linda Kaufman and Herbert Clinton Denson, as Next Friends of Opal Petty

Opal Petty, through her next friends, sued the Texas Department of Mental Health and Mental Retardation for personal injuries caused by employee negligence, recovering a $250,000 judgment. Both parties appealed. The Court of Appeals, Third District of Texas, addressed whether medical records and plans constituted 'tangible personal property' under the Texas Tort Claims Act, if the Department had actual notice of the injury, and the constitutionality of the statutory damages cap and pre-judgment interest. The court affirmed the trial court's judgment, holding that the items were tangible property, actual notice was met, and the damage limit was constitutional. Ms. Petty's cross-points regarding additional damages and pre-judgment interest were overruled.

Governmental immunityTexas Tort Claims ActPersonal injuryNegligenceMental health careMental retardationTangible propertyActual noticeFalse imprisonmentDamages limitation
References
45
Case No. 2017-08-0751; State File No. 15611-2016
Regular Panel Decision
Apr 15, 2019

Holdway, Terri v. Lakeside Behavioral Health Systems

This case concerns Terri Holdway, a nurse seeking workers' compensation benefits for a mental injury allegedly stemming from a patient assault in February 2016 at Lakeside Behavioral Health Systems. Ms. Holdway claimed PTSD, depression, and anxiety, but medical records indicated pre-existing mental health issues. The court heard conflicting expert testimonies from Dr. Melvin Goldin, who diagnosed PTSD, and Dr. Joel A. Reisman, who refuted the PTSD diagnosis, citing Ms. Holdway's return to work and lack of avoidance behavior. The court sided with Dr. Reisman, finding that Ms. Holdway did not prove her mental injury arose primarily from her employment. Consequently, the claim for mental injury benefits was denied, though ongoing medical benefits for her facial injury were awarded.

Mental Injury ClaimPTSD DenialWorkers' Compensation BenefitsNurse InjuryPatient AssaultPre-existing ConditionsExpert Medical TestimonyDSM 5 CriteriaCausation DisputeEmployment Stress
References
4
Case No. MISSING
Regular Panel Decision

Stinson v. Tennessee Department of Mental Health & Mental Retardation

Plaintiff Velda Joyce Stinson, a highly qualified health professional, sued the Middle Tennessee Mental Health Institute (MTMHI), the Tennessee Department of Mental Health and Mental Retardation (TDMHMR), and two individual officials for sex discrimination and retaliation under Title VII. Stinson alleged she was denied a suitable position, given an unapproved job title, subjected to discriminatory treatment, demoted, and eventually had her position abolished after inquiring about pay inequities based on sex and filing an EEOC complaint. The court found that Stinson was treated less favorably than male counterparts, experienced significant retaliation, and that the defendants' justifications for their actions were pretexts. The court granted Stinson relief, ordering her reinstatement to a properly classified Assistant Superintendent position, awarding $9,756.00 in lost wages with prejudgment interest, and mandating attorneys' fees.

Sex DiscriminationRetaliationEmployment LawTitle VIIDemotionLost WagesReinstatementDiscriminatory PracticesPay InequityWorkplace Harassment
References
29
Case No. 04-99-00603-CV
Regular Panel Decision
Oct 31, 2001

Texas Department of Mental Health & Mental Retardation v. Rodriguez

Diana Rodriguez, a case worker at Laredo State Center (LSC), reported potential civil rights violations in Starr County regarding civil commitment procedures. Following her report, Rodriguez experienced several alleged adverse personnel actions: a "Thurston letter" (disciplinary notice), a "below standards" performance evaluation, and a transfer from the Crisis Intervention Unit (CIU) to a rehabilitation program. She filed a whistle-blower lawsuit against the Texas Department of Mental Health and Mental Retardation (MHMR), alleging these actions were retaliatory. The jury found in her favor, but MHMR appealed. The Court of Appeals reviewed the legal and factual sufficiency of the evidence, particularly regarding the causal link between Rodriguez's report and the adverse actions. The majority found insufficient evidence of causation, concluding that the actions would not have occurred regardless of her report, and thus reversed the judgment and rendered judgment in MHMR's favor. A dissenting opinion argued that sufficient circumstantial evidence existed to support the jury's finding of causation.

WhistleblowerRetaliationAdverse Personnel ActionCausationLegal SufficiencyFactual SufficiencyTexas Government CodeMental AnguishPublic EmployeeDue Process
References
9
Case No. MISSING
Regular Panel Decision

Permian Basin Community Centers for Mental Health & Mental Retardation v. Johns

Bob Johns sued Permian Basin Community Centers for Mental Health and Mental Retardation (PBCC) under the Texas Whistleblower Act, claiming wrongful termination after reporting alleged client abuse. Johns, a community living instructor, was suspended and later not rehired after reporting bruises on a resident. PBCC argued Johns was not their employee and failed to exhaust administrative remedies. The jury found in favor of Johns, but on appeal, PBCC contended that Johns failed to meet the jurisdictional prerequisite of exhausting administrative grievance procedures. The appellate court agreed, finding that Johns had not conclusively proven compliance with PBCC's internal grievance procedures, which were a mandatory prerequisite for filing suit under the Act. Consequently, the judgment for Johns was reversed, and the case was remanded to the trial court with orders to dismiss for lack of jurisdiction.

Whistleblower ActPublic EmployeeAdministrative RemediesJurisdictional PrerequisiteRetaliation ClaimWrongful TerminationEmployer-Employee RelationshipIndependent ContractorGrievance ProcedureAbuse Reporting
References
12
Case No. 10-93-224-CV
Regular Panel Decision
May 18, 1994

Subsequent Injury Fund of the State of Texas (Formerly the Second Injury Fund) v. Larry Milligan

The Subsequent Injury Fund appeals a judgment awarding Larry Milligan lifetime benefits for injuries sustained at work. Milligan suffered two ankle injuries in 1987 and a third in 1989, leading to the total loss of use of both feet. He sued the Fund for lifetime benefits after settling with the workers' compensation carrier. The jury found permanent, total loss of use of both feet. The Fund challenged its statutory liability for lifetime benefits and the court's refusal to submit a jury question on total and permanent incapacity. The appellate court affirmed, finding the first issue unpreserved and the second resolved by a statutory conclusive presumption of total and permanent incapacity for the loss of both feet.

Workers' Compensation LawSubsequent Injury FundLifetime BenefitsTotal Permanent IncapacityAnkle InjuriesStatutory InterpretationAppellate ReviewJury InstructionsConclusive PresumptionOccupational Injuries
References
6
Case No. No. 08-07-00346-CV
Regular Panel Decision
Feb 24, 2010

W.C. LaRock, D.C., P.C. D/B/A Auto & Work Injury Clinic and Maria Del Carmen Gallardo/Rosemary Smith v. Rosemary Smith/W.C. LaRock, D.C., P.C. D/B/A Auto & Work Injury Clinic and Maria Del Carmen Gallardo

Rosemary Smith, an El Paso Police Officer, sued W.C. LaRock, D.C., P.C., d/b/a Auto & Work Injury Clinic, and its employee Maria Gallardo, alleging negligence after a physical therapy session aggravated a prior back injury. The City of El Paso, Smith's worker's compensation subrogee, joined as a plaintiff. The jury found Gallardo negligent, awarding Smith $488,000, which the trial court reduced to $339,983.58. Both parties appealed. The Court of Appeals found the expert testimony on causation insufficient to establish that Gallardo's therapy proximately caused Smith's reherniation, as the expert only stated it was "possible." The court reversed the trial court's judgment.

Medical MalpracticeNegligenceCausationExpert TestimonyPhysical TherapyHerniated DiscSpinal SurgeryProximate CauseLegal SufficiencyAppeal
References
33
Case No. MISSING
Regular Panel Decision

Johnson v. Second Injury Fund

Walter Johnson, who had previously lost vision in his right eye, suffered an injury at work resulting in the loss of vision in his left eye, leaving him totally and permanently disabled. He received benefits from Texas Employer’s Insurance Association and the Second Injury Fund. Johnson and his wife then sued Texas Industries, Inc. for negligence. Both TEIA and the Second Injury Fund intervened, seeking subrogation rights. The trial court denied the Second Injury Fund's claim to subrogation, but the court of appeals reversed. The Texas Supreme Court reviewed whether the Second Injury Fund is subrogated to Walter Johnson's rights in his personal injury suit. The Court concluded that subrogation is a legislative creation and the statute funding the Second Injury Fund explicitly enumerates funding methods without including subrogation. Therefore, the Supreme Court reversed the court of appeals' judgment and affirmed the trial court's decision, denying subrogation for the Second Injury Fund.

SubrogationSecond Injury FundWorkers' CompensationStatutory InterpretationExpressio Unius Est Exclusio AlteriusTotal DisabilityPersonal InjuryTexas Supreme CourtFunding MechanismsLegislative Intent
References
9
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