STATE EX REL. DEPT. OF PARKS v. Shumake
A child tragically drowned in a man-made culvert within Blanco State Park, leading her parents, Ricky and Sandra Shumake, to file a wrongful death lawsuit against the State of Texas, acting through the Texas Department of Parks and Wildlife. The Shumakes alleged the culvert constituted a special or premise defect and a nuisance. The Parks Department sought dismissal based on sovereign immunity, asserting protection under the Texas Tort Claims Act and the Recreational Use Statute. The appellate court reversed the trial court's denial of immunity for the nuisance claims but affirmed the denial for the premise defect claim, finding the Shumakes sufficiently alleged gross negligence under the duty owed to a known trespasser. The court also upheld the constitutionality and applicability of the Recreational Use Statute despite the entrance fee.