Marshall v. Magnavox Co.
The plaintiff, the Secretary of Labor, initiated a proceeding against The Magnavox Company of Tennessee, alleging violations of the Equal Pay Act of 1963 by paying unequal wages based on sex for jobs requiring equal work. The specific jobs compared were "assembler second class" (predominantly female) and "assembler first class" (predominantly male), and "janitress-matron" (female) and "janitor" (male). The court, after considering objections to a magistrate's findings, concluded that while the mental effort was comparable, the plaintiff failed to demonstrate that the physical effort required for the lower-paid jobs was equal to that of the higher-paid jobs. The court acknowledged historical practices of assigning "heavier" jobs to men and "lighter" jobs to women but found that Magnavox's classifications were based on actual differences in physical effort. Consequently, the court denied all relief to the Secretary of Labor.