Graves v. Barnes
This case, a remand from the Supreme Court following White v. Regester, addresses the constitutionality of state legislative redistricting in Texas. A three-judge court examined multi-member districts across several counties for racial gerrymandering and vote dilution, finding historical discrimination and political exclusion of minority groups. The court concluded that seven districts (Tarrant, Jefferson, McLennan, Travis, Lubbock, El Paso, and Nueces Counties) unconstitutionally minimized minority voting strength and ordered the implementation of single-member districts for the 1974 elections. Additionally, the redistricting plan for Galveston County's Districts 17 and 19 was declared an impermissible racial gerrymander.