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Access over workers' compensation decisions, including En Banc, Significant Panel Decisions, and writ-denied cases.

Case No. MISSING
Regular Panel Decision

Meringolo v. City of New York

This case involves Corrections Captains, led by Peter Meringolo, suing the City of New York and the New York City Department of Correction for unpaid overtime wages under the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA). The central dispute revolves around whether these employees qualify for the 'bona fide executive' exemption from FLSA overtime requirements, which hinges on satisfying the Department of Labor's 'salary basis test'. The court, presided over by District Judge Kevin Thomas Duffy, determined that certain parts of the traditional salary basis test, specifically those concerning partial-day absences and leave for jury duty/witness/military service, were invalid for public employees due to principles of public accountability. However, the court found that the defendants violated the disciplinary penalties provision of the salary basis test, as Corrections Captains were subject to suspensions without pay for infractions not considered safety rules of major significance, based on the Corporation Counsel's admissions. Consequently, the Plaintiffs' motion for partial summary judgment on the issue of liability was granted, denying the defendants' Portal-to-Portal Act defense.

FLSAOvertime PayPublic EmployeesSalary Basis TestDisciplinary ActionsSummary JudgmentBona Fide Executive ExemptionPublic AccountabilityMunicipal LawLabor Law
References
29
Case No. MISSING
Regular Panel Decision

Anani v. CVS RX SERVICES, INC.

Salah Anani, a former pharmacist, sued CVS RX Services, Inc. alleging unpaid overtime compensation under the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) and New York Labor Law. Anani, classified as a bi-weekly salaried pharmacist, received a base salary and additional premium pay for hours exceeding 44 per week. He contended he was misclassified as exempt and was entitled to time-and-a-half overtime. CVS argued Anani was properly exempt under the FLSA's professional and highly compensated employee provisions. The court determined Anani met the 'learned professional' duties test and the central issue was the salary basis test. The court concluded that Anani's compensation scheme, which included a guaranteed base salary and premium pay for additional hours, adhered to FLSA salary basis requirements and associated regulations. Consequently, the court granted CVS's motion for summary judgment, thereby dismissing Anani's complaint.

FLSA exemptionOvertime compensationSalary basis testHighly compensated employee exemptionPharmacist exemptionProfessional employeeSummary judgmentNew York Labor LawPremium payWage and hour
References
42
Case No. MISSING
Regular Panel Decision
Mar 29, 2016

Padilla v. Sheldon Rabin, M.D., P.C.

Raul Padilla, an ophthalmic technician, filed a collective action against his employer, Sheldon Rabin, M.D., P.C., and its owner, Dr. Sheldon Rabin, seeking retroactive overtime payments under the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) and New York Labor Law (NYLL). The central issue was whether Padilla was an 'exempt' salaried professional employee. Both parties moved for summary judgment. The court found that Padilla did not meet the 'salary basis' test required for the FLSA's learned professional exemption, thus granting his motion for summary judgment on the FLSA claim regarding this exemption. However, issues regarding the 'primary duty' test for the NYLL exemption, statute of limitations (willfulness), and liquidated damages were deemed triable issues for a jury.

FLSANYLLOvertime PayExempt EmployeeLearned Professional ExemptionSalary Basis TestPrimary Duty TestSummary JudgmentWillfulnessLiquidated Damages
References
28
Case No. MISSING
Regular Panel Decision

Belcher v. Shoney's, Inc.

This memorandum addresses motions for partial summary judgment in a collective action under the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) brought by Class Plaintiffs, former General and Assistant Managers at Shoney's restaurants. Plaintiffs allege Shoney's failed the "salary basis" test by docking their pay for cash shortages and casualty losses, treating them as hourly rather than exempt employees. The Court found evidence of both an employment policy and an actual practice of making such deductions, affecting 3.5% of managers with over 1,200 deductions between 1992 and 1995. Rejecting Shoney's defenses that these deductions were for "safety rules of major significance" or correctable under the "window of correction," the Court concluded that the employer's actions demonstrated a lack of intent to pay employees on a salary basis. Consequently, Class Plaintiffs' motion for partial summary judgment was GRANTED, and Defendant's motion was DENIED, entitling plaintiffs to overtime pay.

FLSAOvertime CompensationSalary Basis TestExempt EmployeesPayroll DeductionsCash ShortagesCasualty LossesWindow of CorrectionEmployer PolicyActual Practice
References
22
Case No. MISSING
Regular Panel Decision

Simmons v. City of Fort Worth, Tex.

This case concerns a lawsuit filed by district and deputy chiefs of the Fort Worth Fire Department against the City of Fort Worth, alleging violations of the Fair Labor Standards Act's overtime provisions. The City contended that these officers were exempt as bona fide executives. The court applied the FLSA's "short test," which requires employees to be compensated on a salary basis, have management as their primary duty, and customarily direct the work of at least two employees. The court found that despite arguments regarding impermissible deductions, the City's actions fell within the "window of correction," maintaining the plaintiffs' salaried status. Furthermore, the court determined that the plaintiffs' primary duties were indeed managerial and involved supervising numerous personnel. Consequently, the District Court granted summary judgment in favor of the City of Fort Worth, dismissing all of the plaintiffs' claims with prejudice.

FLSAOvertime ExemptionExecutive ExemptionSalary Basis TestWindow of CorrectionFire Department PersonnelMunicipal EmploymentSummary JudgmentDepartment of Labor RegulationsSupervisory Roles
References
15
Case No. MISSING
Regular Panel Decision

Walsh v. Katz

This case addresses a constitutional challenge to a residency requirement for a town justice/town board member position on Fishers Island, Town of Southold, Suffolk County. Petitioners, Fishers Island residents Arthur J. Walsh and Nina J. Schmid, objected to respondent Daniel C. Ross's candidacy because he did not meet the specific residency criteria. The Appellate Division upheld the statute's constitutionality, applying a rational basis test. Ross appealed, advocating for a strict scrutiny standard and arguing that the residency requirement violated equal protection by diluting voter influence. The court affirmed the Appellate Division's decision, concluding that the rational basis test was appropriate given the indirect impact on voting rights, and found a rational basis in ensuring meaningful representation for the geographically unique Fishers Island community.

Constitutional LawElection LawResidency RequirementEqual Protection ClauseRational Basis ReviewStrict ScrutinyTown JusticeTown Board MemberFishers IslandSouthold
References
15
Case No. 2018 NY Slip Op 04944 [162 AD3d 1777]
Regular Panel Decision
Jun 29, 2018

Matter of Town of Tonawanda (Town of Tonawanda Salaried Workers Assn.)

This case involves an arbitration matter between the Town of Tonawanda, as Respondent, and the Town of Tonawanda Salaried Workers Association, as Appellants. The Appellants' motion for leave to appeal to the Court of Appeals was denied by the Appellate Division, Fourth Department. The decision was rendered on June 29, 2018.

ArbitrationMotion to appealLeave to appealDenialAppellate practiceLabor lawPublic employmentCollective bargainingFourth DepartmentCourt of Appeals (denied)
References
2
Case No. MISSING
Regular Panel Decision

Local 323 v. International Union of Electronic, Electrical, Salaried, MacHine & Furniture Workers

Plaintiffs, Local 323 and its officers, initiated a lawsuit against the International Union of Electronic, Electrical, Salaried, Machine and Furniture Workers (IUE). They alleged that the IUE unlawfully denied Local 323's right to disaffiliate, claiming the IUE amended its constitution to obstruct disaffiliation and breached its own rules in denying their application. Plaintiffs sought judicial enforcement of disaffiliation, retention of assets, an injunction, and damages. The defendant moved to dismiss the complaint, asserting various defenses, including the plaintiffs' failure to exhaust internal union remedies. The court ultimately granted the defendant's motion, concluding that Local 323 had not exhausted its available administrative remedies within the union, a prerequisite for pursuing the claims in federal court, given the internal nature of the dispute.

Union DisaffiliationLabor LawLMRALMRDAExhaustion of Administrative RemediesInternal Union DisputeMotion to DismissBreach of ContractFederal Court JurisdictionUnion Constitution
References
14
Case No. MISSING
Regular Panel Decision

Brian v. Johns

Petitioner Carol Brian initiated an action against respondent Frank T. Johns to establish paternity for her child, Sara, born March 4, 1973, and to secure child support. A court-ordered blood grouping test, conducted at the respondent's expense following an order on January 2, 1974, excluded Mr. Johns as the father. Unsatisfied with these results, the petitioner requested a second blood test, but the court denied this motion after reconsideration, citing respondent's opposition and the lack of statutory authority in Section 532 of the Family Court Act for ordering a second test over objection. The court ruled that the trial should proceed, requiring the respondent to present the performing doctor as a witness to explain the test's basis and procedure, allowing the petitioner to question its accuracy. The decision acknowledged a potential margin of error in such tests and affirmed the petitioner's opportunity to rebut the blood test evidence, as it is not the sole determinant of paternity.

paternityblood testFamily Court Actevidencetrialmotion deniedchild supportmedical examination accuracyserologyhemotology
References
2
Case No. MISSING
Regular Panel Decision

Kahn v. Superior Chicken & Ribs, Inc.

The plaintiff, Yousuf Mohammad Kahn, initiated this action against his former employer, Superior Chicken & Ribs, Inc., alleging violations of the Fair Labor Standards Act and New York Labor Law concerning overtime pay. The court had previously dismissed claims related to meal periods and statutory contributions. The defendant subsequently filed for summary judgment on the outstanding overtime claims, contending that Kahn was exempt from overtime requirements as an executive or administrative employee. The court determined that Kahn satisfied both the 'salary basis' and 'duties' components of the exemption's short test, citing his application for a managerial position, prior work experience, sole on-site supervisory role, distinct uniform, and prior self-identification as a manager to medical professionals and in a bankruptcy filing. Consequently, the court granted the defendant's motion for summary judgment, thereby ruling that Kahn was indeed exempt from federal and state overtime pay regulations. The defendant's request for attorneys' fees was denied due to procedural non-compliance with Rule 11 and the absence of a bad faith finding under 28 U.S.C. § 1927.

FLSAOvertime PaySummary JudgmentExecutive ExemptionAdministrative ExemptionNew York Labor LawManagerial DutiesSalary Basis TestDuties TestEmployment Law
References
12
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