Grant v. Metropolitan Government of Nashville
The plaintiffs, a class of current and former black employees of Metro Water Services (MWS), filed a class action alleging systemic racial discrimination in post-employment opportunities under Title VII and 42 U.S.C. § 1981. The Court found MWS engaged in discriminatory practices including tailoring job qualifications, lateral transfers, selective interview processes, and misuse of out-of-class assignments, all contributing to significant statistical disparities in promotion and compensation for black employees. Based on expert testimony and statistical analysis, the Court ruled in favor of the plaintiffs, concluding that MWS's practices caused racial disparities. The Court ordered remedies including back pay for named plaintiffs and class members, and the appointment of a Special Master to validate job requirements and establish formulas for back pay and compensation equalization.